Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Research Paper - 1

Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Administation - Research Paper Example It is also going to analyze why a person ‘A’ should not suffer at the expense of reward of person ‘B’. Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Administration Introduction: The role of criminal justice system According to May, (2008), criminal justice is rights respecting treatment that is deserved by virtue of criminal conduct. It is concerned with the responsibility of controlling crime and ensuring the due process is followed. For example, in US justice system, prisons are expected to provide basic human needs in a favorable environment. There is a very great relationship between law enforcement, the judicial system, and the corrections. The law enforcement agents are mandated to ensure there is law and order in the society (May, 2008). The judicial system issues judgments to people found guilty. They send the criminals to correction centers where the criminals obtain various correction programs as they serve their jail term. In thi s case, prisons renounce idleness and offers constructive employment, and recreation activities to the prisoners. Harr, (2008) noted that the criminal justice system addresses the human needs of prisoners with an aim of expressing faith in them. This goes in line with the purpose of prisons other than punishing them, to correct the prisoner. This idea helps the prisoners maintain their humanity and cooperate with the programs designed to rehabilitate them. The aim of inclusion of criminal justice system is to abstract values and not to punish the prisoners. Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Administration On the other hand, reward systems encompass rewarding specific persons involved in the criminal justice system (Schmalleger, 2007). For example, judges are re-elected due to their hard sentencing of criminals by sending them to prison. The same case applies to prosecutors who move large number of cases to court alongside quick settlement of the cases. However, such a move can only serve the interest of the rewarded persons while neglecting the interest of others (Schmalleger, 2007). In light to this assertion, it can be argued that hard sentencing of criminals for example drug addicts would not add any value to the criminals. After completion of their jail term, drug addicts can still go back to their usual habit of addiction. In this regard, instead of judges sending such criminals to prison, it would be much better if the drug addicts are referred to drug rehabilitation centers Harr, 2008). This way, they would get necessary treatment and counseling that would see them abandon drugs and start a new life. Although not all criminals can be subjected to alternative correction centers, most of them can actually be subjected to such institutions. Some of the most effective correction institutions that could help criminals deter from committing crimes includes boot camps, which are particularly practiced in military setups, house arr ests, restitution and electronic monitoring (Hodge, 2009). If these programs are more utilised, the criminal justice systems would be seen to be meeting their goals and objectives. In some instances, additional funding for expanding jail facilities is another form of reward for those jails that are seen to be efficient in being harsh on criminals. This reward tends to pay no attention to programs like rehabilitation centers which have facilities like education and various job training which would go a long way in correcting criminals (Solhkhah & Wilens,

How has marriage reflected the changing status of women in Australian Essay

How has marriage reflected the changing status of women in Australian culture in the past century - Essay Example This is where the current state of woman is, and it has resulted in a high failure rate for marriages. This paper will examine how the roles of women have changed in Australian society, both in and outside of marriage, and how these roles have affected marriage and divorces in the last century. Discussion The largest change for women, in the realm of marriage, is the fact that patriarchy has shifted. For instance, one may view the movie The Piano for an example of how things used to be for women in Australia and New Zealand. In The Piano, the woman in the marriage was in the marriage because it was arranged, and, although it was evident that the main character, Ada, had a husband who wanted a â€Å"real† marriage, this never manifested. It was quite simply obvious that Alistair, the husband in this scenario, saw Ada as a way to bolster his social standing and really nothing more (The Piano). The Piano reflects a time in Australian history, indeed, in the history of the world, where women were regarded as property, and, because of this, fathers were able to force their daughters into loveless marriages. This reflects the standing of women in general during the 1850s. While The Piano reflects a time during the 19th Century, this paper will deal with the changing status of women during the 20th Century, but it is a helpful touchstone nonetheless. From the patriarchy in the 1850s, as evident in The Piano, a wave of reforms hit Australian society in the late 1800s, in a first wave of feminism in which women demanded to be counted as an equal in society, as well as within her own family. This was a wave of reform in which women were able to divorce their husbands, instead of divorce being the sole province of the man, which is what the case was before these reforms. This actually showed that the feminist movement gave more rights to women then did England, as women were not granted the right to divorce her husband on the grounds of adultery until 1923 in Engla nd, yet this right was granted in New South Wales in 1881 (James, 2005). This all leads to the rights of women at the turn of the century. The irony is that, according to Folbre (1991), while women were beginning to have parity with men in divorce court, their rights as within the marriage were actually being rolled back a bit. Folbre states that, in 1800, the work that a woman performs within the marriage was considered productive work for the purpose of labor force participation. In other words, the work that women did in 1800 was considered a part of the overall economic structure, and this work was considered to be a source of wealth. By 1900, however, this work was no longer considered productive, and women were considered to be â€Å"dependent,† along with senior citizens, children and disabled persons (Folbre, 1991). In other words, at the beginning of the 19th Century, the women’s contributions to the household were considered a driver of economic growth; by th e beginning of the 20th Century, this was no longer true. This shows that, at a time when women were getting some parity when it comes to divorce court, she was simultaneously being oppressed within the marriage itself, as she was considered to be the same as a child or a disabled person within the