Domestic Violence Assessment Report Social Work Essay Example

Domestic Violence Assessment Report Social Work Essay Example Domestic Violence Assessment Report Social Work Essay Domestic Violence Assessment Report Social Work Essay Mrs. Chan has been married to Mr. Chan for more than 20 old ages. Her hubby is a food market shop proprietor and he is really busy with his concern. Every month, Mr. Chan gives her adequate money to back up the household. They have two kids, a 11-year-old boy and a girl of 8 old ages old. Genogram Showing jobs The client came to confer with the declining father-son relationship and her boy s behavioural jobs. She perceived it as a consequence of witnessing bridal force that she had been enduring for several months. She said her hubby had a bad pique, demoing no attention or regard to her and he frequently beat her in forepart of the kids after rummy. She remained tolerate and silent until the battery shifted to life endangering danger late. Worker s perceptual experience of the jobs Harmonizing to what Mrs. Chan has said and worker s observation, there are three chief jobs in the household as listed below. Spousal Violence Mrs. Chan has been enduring from her hubby s choleric pique and violent Acts of the Apostless over a long clip. The domestic force caused dangerous injuries to the client both physically and mentally. Empirical grounds shows that after physical maltreatment, the effects of psychological maltreatment can be even more detrimental. Women subsisters of domestic force have greater possibility to demo Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, along with dissociation, depression, anxiousness and terror, with lowered self-esteem and self-efficacy, and low quality of life. The Son s behavioural job The two kids have been exposed to their male parent s opprobrious behaviour to their female parent. Witnessing a violent event, peculiarly one affecting parents, is likely to ensue in kids s serious accommodation and behavioural jobs. Witnessing is a stressor comparable in impact to the direct experience of a violent act. The symptom becomes stronger when the force is 1 ) long permanent, 2 ) human designed,3 ) in which the attacker and victim are close to them. Child are likely to bring forth PTSD reactions such as backdown, aggression and trouble in concentration after exposure to force. Thus school public presentation of the boy deteriorated and his pique worsened. He went so far as to conceal some arms to assail his male parent in instance to protect Mrs. Chan. Family Relationss Family is a particular societal system which performs certain maps and certain duties. It performs the indispensable map of go toing to the societal and educational demands, wellness and wellbeing, and common attention of its members. The Chan s household is in a dysfunctional position. Missing communications in both spousal and parental relationships leads to blockings in giving attentions, meeting demands, establishing maps and executing duties. Mr. Chan is busy on concern every twenty-four hours and the whole household rarely have activities together. A nerve-racking household environment under force restrains looks of feelings. Besides, kids who witnessed domestic force ever face a job of trueness. Choosing either side to back up will convey jobs in household dealingss necessarily. These three jobs are non separated from each other. Alternatively, they are someway in causal relationships. Spousal force caused kids s behavioural jobs and hapless household interactions, so in the intercession procedure, we have to turn to the jobs one by one harmonizing to this order. Intervention stage In order to acquire the household back to operation, we devised an intercession program for the above-named jobs based on informed consent to the client and ethic codifications of societal worker. Aims Short-run aims: To maintain the safety of Mrs. Chan and her kids To measure and to retrieve the injury of Mrs. Chan and her kids To quash Mr. Chan s aggressive behaviour and excite his motivation to alter Long-run aims To forestall any physical and mental maltreatment in the household To better parenting accomplishments To reconstruct the communicating and to advance harmonious and healthy relationship in the household Scheme and principles PTSD Assessment The Keane MMPI ( MMPI2 ) -PTSD Scale As Mrs. Chan has been enduring from intimate spouse force for several months, the effects of the maltreatment on her should be detected by scientific methods. The Keane MMPI PTSD Scale has proven to be a dependable and valid step of PTSD in beat-up adult females. If any symptoms are discovered, the worker would mention Mrs. Chan to professional healer for farther intervention. Fiscal Assistance and Group preparation Due to economic independency and isolation, the victim has really small money of her ain and few people on whom she can trust when seeking aid, so the worker would help Mrs. Chan to use for some fiscal aid like CSSA. In add-on, she lacks specialised accomplishments, instruction, assurance, self-esteem, self-efficacy. Not anticipating any agencies of supports could worsen her sense of hopelessness, weakness and hence depression. Therefore, preparations are necessary to assist her discovery paid employment to back up herself every bit good as her kids. Group developing like horticulture, handcrafting, cooking etc. can non merely equip her with some basic professional accomplishments but besides provide her with more interpersonal web and societal support. Additions in self-pride are due to the chances for societal interaction, creativeness and self-expression ( Parker, 2004 ) . Solution-focused intervention There are a batch of theories to explicate why persons get violent behaviours in intimate relationships. The societal acquisition theory suggests that the wrongdoers learn by sing or witnessing force and intergenerational transmittal of force exists in domestic force. Others focused on abnormal psychology and personality features. Biological and physiological factors can besides assist to bring forth force. Substance maltreatment such as intoxicant and drug ingestion may besides account the state of affairs in some manner. However, every bit far as we know at the minute, we can non state the ground why Mr. Chan beats his married woman. The lone thing we are certain for the minute is that Mr. Chan should do a alteration to halt the opprobrious Acts of the Apostless and reconstruct the household operation. The solution-focused intervention deemphasizes jobs and emphasizes the building of solutions. Rather than inquiring the wrongdoer to be responsible for the job, the intervention requests the wrongdoer to be accountable for solutions. The twosome have been married for 20 old ages and Mr. Chan has ever been difficult working on concern to back up the household. Out of this love, plus the worker s stimulation and counsel, Mr. Chan is expected to determine motivations, set meaningful ends to extinguish force and develop new behaviour to work out the jobs step by measure. Assessment interview, single, twosome and household solution-talks and offender group developing workshops will be carried out with the furthering of the intercession. Harmonizing to the self-changing procedure theory, there are five phases in the procedure of an person s alteration pre-contemplation, contemplation, finding, action and care, while backsliding is likely to happen at all phases. Therefore, the procedure would take a long clip and it needs worker s forbearance and encouragement wholly along. Art therapy In the Chan s instance, the boy has likely shown some mild symptoms of PTSD. Without intercession, it will take to impossible effects. The miss s status should besides be followed up although there is still no obvious symptom on her. Sing the age of the two kids, the worker would follow art therapy in the intercession. Children shows greater decrease in PTSD symptoms through originative look such as drawing, picture, drama, or storytelling. We plan to utilize this attack to help kids to place and alter destructive belief forms, identify and express emotional residue, exercise personal control, make programs for future and interrupt down the sense of isolation. Family Gathering Interactions and communications are indispensable to household operation. The worker suggests Mr. and Mrs. Chan form more household activities that can affect the whole household to advance the household relationship. Harmonizing to parent-child interaction therapy, such activities can modify manners between the parent and kid, diminish kid behaviour jobs and advance positive parenting. Furthermore, household assemblages can give Mr. Chan a opportunity to cognize how his married woman takes attention of the kids every twenty-four hours, which can advance love and esteem between the twosome. It is hoped that these activities can be held at least one time per hebdomad.

An Coastal Destination Sustainable Tourism Planning Tourism Essay Essay Example

An Coastal Destination Sustainable Tourism Planning Tourism Essay Essay Example An Coastal Destination Sustainable Tourism Planning Tourism Essay Essay An Coastal Destination Sustainable Tourism Planning Tourism Essay Essay This essay will analyze the sustainability of South Australia touristry Plan for 2009 -2014. This essay will place and measure the content of the touristry program is it sustainable. And reason the good and sustainable of the program. To the simple definition of sustainable touristry is accomplishing quality growing in a mode that does non consume the natural and built environment and preserves the civilization, history, and heritage of the local community ( David, 2006 ) . Pull offing sustainable touristry in the new millenary depends on the advanced policy and direction, which are including the relationship between local communities, the private sector, and the authorities in development action to protect the natural, built, and cultural environments in a manner with the economic growing. That are what the south Australia touristry program need to make. Australia s alone natural environment is a critical component of its planetary touristry entreaty and is regarded by touristry planning organisations as a cardinal property that differentiates Australia from viing touristry finishs in the planetary market. The Australian national Parkss, Marine Parkss and other protected countries are estimated to pull 80 million visitants yearly ( Tourism and Transport Forum 2004 ) . Sustainability has progressively become an of import facet of touristry development in general ( Bramwell, 1998 ) , but is seen even more of import to the finishs that rely on nature as their chief tourer attractive force ( Hudson and Miller 2005 ) . South Australia is a province in the southern cardinal portion of Australia. It covers some of the most waterless parts of the continent ; with a entire land country of 983,482 square kilometres ( 379,725 square metres ) , it is the 4th largest of Australia s six provinces and two mainland districts. The terrain consists mostly of waterless and semi-arid rangelands, with several low mountain scopes. The South Australian Tourism Plan 2009-2014 maps out cardinal schemes for turning the value of the province s touristry sector. It is inextricably linked to the South Australian Strategic Plan mark of making a $ 6.3 billion touristry industry by 2014. This is designed to guarantee that touristry and touristry related concerns are feasible and sustainable. This program identifies the industry s cardinal aims to 2014, within the broader context of South Australia s competitory public presentation and the likely hereafter of touristry, both nationally and globally. Therefore Sustainable touristry development should in add-on to supplying economic returns and a high quality experience for visitants, besides purpose at protecting the natural environment it operates in and bettering the quality of life of host occupants ( Aronsson 2000 ) . In the South Australia touristry program, the program cardinal focal point countries and their 13 schemes, which can plunge to the 4 parts, communicate, develop, purchase and trip to equilibrate the three merely references. Harmonizing to their ends and mark, to be sustainable it should be fulfill maximising the positive and minimising the negative effects of touristry. The ternary underside lines are suited here. It is widely accepted that the touristry industry portions with local occupants, authoritiess, and community the duty to protect and keep the natural and cultural heritage resources of our planet, both to prolong economic systems and to be passed on unimpaired to future coevalss ( Wall, 1999 ) . The Triple Bottom Line has been described as describing that gives consideration to fiscal results, environmental quality and societal equity ( Gilkison, 1999, p. 2 ) . The Triple Bottom Line may besides be defined as the return on capital investing when evaluated and measured along fiscal, societal and environmental dimensions ( Sauvante, 2001, p. 2 ) . Harmonizing the ternary bottom line. The first of the class is the economic sustainability, As one component of a finish economic system, touristry must assist back up a feasible economic base ( Ritchie, 2003 ) . Development is economically efficient and resources are managed so they can back up future coevalss. The South Australia touristry program which is a long term thought of the sustainable touristry. The program does sketch elaborate stairss, but focuses on the important schemes the Plan must accomplish to drive the full industry forward. The audience procedure revealed that both authorities and industry prefer this attack. Both are committed to encompassing and presenting on these cardinal ends. The program chief mark is to increase visitant outgo in South Australia touristry industry from $ 3.7 billion in 2002 to $ 6.3 billion by 2014. To accomplish the 2014 mark requires 6 per cent per annum norm growing. The State Government and the South Australian touristry industry purp ose to shut this spread by increasing visitant Numberss and length of stay, and more significantly, increasing visitant spend. This is surely a bold mark that the touristry programs are taking for. One of the sustainable of the economic is the local occupant occupation security, touristry demand can be extremely seasonal. The attempt of the South Australia to heighten occupation security will better economic sustainability. Tourism is a major in South Australia, and the program serves to reenforce the range and energy of the industry. In this program reference that Grow new and existing festivals and events. This kinds of the events and festival making both direct employment and the indirect employment from that. Depending on the handiness of local labour and the accomplishments and knowledge resources that are required, the importing of outside labour should non be inordinate. But one thing that can non see is procure their occupation during the off-season or after the events. And besides the rewards, wages and benefits are non be secure. Tourism is frequently perceived to be a low-skilled, low-income sector. While many of the service occupations in touristry and cordial reception may be described in this manner. Tourism support have many higher income occupations, such as hotel director, skilled building workers advisers etc ( Ritchie, 2003 ) . An economically sustainable touristry scheme should seek to bring forth a wide scope of employment chances Following the economic sustainability is the sociocultural. The South Australia program are making rather good on that. The quality of life in a finish depends on more than merely economic wellbeing. The wellness and verve of societal of societal and cultural systems and establishments helps to make an environment which occupant find meaningful in their chase of felicity ( Ritchie, 2003 ) . These include: the justness system, instruction system, transit, communications and the province. From the instruction system the program acts as an inspiration for pupils sing a calling in the industry. The State Government has established the Food, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Skills Advisory Council to specifically place work force tendencies and emerging accomplishments demands. Its overall purpose is to pull and retain a skilled work force to assist drive the hereafter of the industry. This is a great starting of the local educational system. It got many benefits on that, increase the con sciousness of the societal, increase the pupil involvement on the touristry industry and educate more professionals for the hereafter South Australia touristry or related industry people. Furthermore, the transit and travel besides is a portion of sociocultural. By accomplishing and keeping conveyance handiness by developing accessible and advanced conveyance, which meets rigorous sustainability criterions is need. The South Australia is traveling to better distribution channels and the air entree. The program traveling to collaborate market with air hoses and important touristry operators and optimise new engineering. Motivating people to go is one portion of turning touristry. Ensure globally and domestically connected via the travel distribution systems no affair online or traditional. On the other manus, addition peculiarly direct inbound flights. Adelaide and South Australia is an under-serviced finish. The purpose is to turn domestic hebdomadal place Numberss from 70,000 to 100,000 and dual international place Numberss. Every new place into Adelaide is a new chance to convey another visitant to South Australia and besides giving more chance and pick to travel. T he South Australia occupant will acquire profit on that, they will more convenience to travel to go. The program eventually desire to acquire achieve a 90 per cent evaluation of community and commercial assurance in touristry as a major subscriber to quality of life in South Australia. This means: the bulk of concerns and occupants regard and value touristry as a positive builder of pride, prosperity and work or life balance in South Australia s metropolitan and regional countries. Then, political sustainability is the last of the ternary bottom line. Political sustainability is seldom identified as one of pillars of sustainability. Yet we feel that it is potentially critical to the acceptableness of any solution ( Brown and Essex, 1997 ) . To do the program smooth and traveling good, the authorities ensures a positive policy environment to the regulations with the vision to ease new sustainable development. Promote investors by guaranting that external planning and policy hindrances to sustainable touristry development are removed. This will necessitate an all-of-government attack and besides the authorities Ensure external planning and policy hindrances to sustainable touristry development are removed, and that strategic investings are instance managed through the development procedure. A whole-of-government concerted attack to instance planning. Support advanced designs by following a whole-of-government instance be aftering attack with inducements. These so rts of the action are giving support to the touristry program and be given to cut down the issues. The ternary underside line for a sustainable planning for touristry is really of import portion, after analyze the South Australia program, the program is good but non really good, many of the policy or the action are non really to the full concern to the local occupant although eventually they looks to acquire some benefit on that but is need more concern on that. After the ternary underside line, coming is talk about the government-led attack that the South Australia touristry program that utilizing. This attack means that the authorities lead the planning procedure and really limited association and public in be aftering determinations. There is an successful illustration on Taiwan touristry by utilizing the government-led attack the betterment in the life criterions of the people of Taiwan ( Ming, 2008 ) . The South Australia is whole-of-government attack to touristry. This will be a critical factor in the success of this program. Collaboration must be taken to a new degree in the touristry industry, and the State Government. The occupations of support, policy, research, relationships and instance direction is by the authorities. The authorities traveling to construct a a strong industry organic structure with duty for the direction of all industry enterprises, to unite and turn the adulthood of the industry and create quality, consistence, professionalism, invention and influence. South Australian touristry is about wholly ( 95 per cent ) comprised of little to average concerns. These concerns are diverse and spread across the province. This hinders the industry s ability to stand for its involvements in a incorporate, persuasive manner. The authorities knows that South Australia needs a strong, independent organic structure that can present preparation and accreditation, concern advice, reference operator challenges and better quality service criterions. The South Australia touristry planning are traveling to Construct a individual, strong organic structure that takes duty for industry development, taking operators to a sustainable touristry hereafter. Although the South Australia touristry program is the government-led, but it is need the stakeholders involved in a program. The stakeholders will be including a figure of establishments, organisation, groups and persons, certainly the authorities. That will be are affected by a finish s touristry development. The general populace is one of stakeholders. In general, take an involvement in touristry development and its impacts on their quality of life ( Ritchie, 2003 ) . Other of import populaces include fiscal establishments and investors, the media, the authorities section and a figure of consumers groups. In the touristry program, they have mentioned that. The advancement of the touristry program will be communicated widely through improved stakeholder communicating webs supported with enterprises such as the development of the industry organic structure and align stakeholder programs to common intent. Besides partnerships play a important and of import function in the accomplishme nt of this program. A bulk of touristry partnerships described in the sustainable development literature are cross-sector enterprises that frequently involve representatives from industry, authorities, and the voluntary sectors ( Sitarz, 1998 ) . The dialogue, reciprocally determined ends and actions, and supervising ensuing from cross-sector partnerships make it more likely that these enterprises will ensue in sustainable results. The one of the program of action will pass on in concerted activities with industry, national and international trade and media spouses, give operators more chances to work together and put financess in concerted advertisement of bundles to do an feeling. With the right communicating, and interaction between the industry and these populaces, a reciprocally supportive relationship can be which ensures that ( Ritchie, 2003 ) . The South Australia touristry program puts the stakeholders in the of import topographic point because they knowing that it will be benefits on all of the stakeholders and can develop its industry. As I said that communicate with the stakeholders is the portion of the action programs of the South Australia touristry program, and is traveling to plus the staying action programs is it sustainable. They are wholly 13 of the action plans separate to pass on, develop, purchase and activate for the 5 old ages. One possible inquiries may be ask, is it possible achieve the 13 action programs within 5 old ages? The South Australian Tourism Commission and the touristry industry understand that turning great thoughts into world will necessitate significantly more attempt than the creative activity of an action list. As was recognized during audience, the SATC in concurrence with the industry is committed to this program s execution and monitoring. To measure the actions plans towards more sustainable signifiers of touristry, there is a demand for supervising systems. Ideally, these systems should concentrate on measuring the extent to which bing best patterns in touristry are aligned with , and aid to accomplish, nucleus sustainability ends ( Tony, Rob and Peter, 2002 ) . Harmonizing to Inskeep s measure 7 effectual schemes usually focus on the practical agencies for execution and monitoring involves set abouting regular measuring of one or more phenomenon in order to measure their alteration over clip. As the 2009 public presentation sum-up, they have entering great consequence to increase the touristry outgo and the competitory spread reduced. And their 13 action program merely two of them can non execute stretch mark. That means they are making their mark and planning. And harmonizing they have the great monitoring system allows for responses to what works and what does non works and better that immediate and to catch up the mark. I think will be hold a great consequence for coming old ages. The touristry industry of the hereafter will be built through a trust on comprehensive planning, which will see development from a holistic instead than sectorial position. This point of position will be driven by a locally developed vision for development, and non by the demand for increased net incomes or grosss for foreign-owned corporations or national authoritiess. It will be based on bottom-up globalisation, instead than on the corporate assortment. This means control will stay at the local degree, while prosecuting spouses from outside the community ( Donald, 2003 ) . The South Australia program think beyond the immediate thrust for increased net incomes and see the societal, cultural and environmental deductions of its actions and besides the program has built touristry sustainability in seeking the economic growing and benefits in a manner that preserves natural or reinforced resources, provides a quality experience and finish to the tourers and local engagement. The South Australia touristry program is a great program to protect these resources while adding something new. And the program offers a scope of sustainable environmental benefits, including improved transit, protect local festival and development and improved particular topographic points and infinites. Importantly it provides for an new experience for visitants and adds to the quality of life of local occupants. Well-planned and well-managed sustainable touristry can supply benefits at all economic degrees, addition criterions of life for local occupants, and maintain or even better the quality of the local environment ( David, 2006 ) The South Australia touristry program is likely to advance sustainable touristry because they have balance between the local and visitant, although the be aftering merely cost 5 old ages but the consequence is the long term benefit. In decision, sustainable touristry is hard to specify and step because it must related to today touristry tendency and concern for the hereafter. The challenge is happening an balance among elements of sustainable. After assess the program of the South Australia, they have a clear program for the hereafter and traveling to develop a sustainable touristry industry in South Australia. They got a potentially success on sustainable. Mention Aronsson, Lars.2000. The development of sustainable touristry. London, Continuum. Bramwell Bill, 1998 Sustainable touristry direction: rules and patterns, 2nd edn. Tilburg, Tilburg University Press Brown, Graham and Essex, Stephen.1997. Sustainable Tourism Management: Lessons from The Edge of Australia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , Volume 5, 4:294 305 DAVID, Edgell, 2006. Pull offing sustainable touristry: a bequest for the hereafter. Binghamton: Haworth Press. Donald G. Reid. 2003 Tourism, globalisation and development: responsible touristry planning. Sterling: Pluto Press. Gilkison, B. 1999. Accounting for a clean green environment: Duties and chances for New Zealand concerns and their comptrollers. Nelson: New Zealand: Anchor Press Limited Hudson S, Miller GA 2005 The responsible selling of touristry: the instance of Canadian Mountain Holidays. Tourism Manage 26:133-142 Ming-Huang Lee. 2008. Tourism and Sustainable Supports: the instance of Taiwan Third World Quarterly, Volume 29, 5: 961 978 Ritchie, J. R. Brent. 2003. The Competitive Finish: A sustainable touristry position. Trowbridge: Cromwell Press. Sauvante, M. 2001. The Triple Bottom Line : A council chamber usher. Directors Monthly, 25 ( 11 ) , 1-6 Sitarz, D. 1998 Sustainable America. Carbondale, IL: Earthpress. Tony, Griffin, Rob, Harris and Peter Williams, 2002. Sustainable touristry: the planetary position. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Tourism, Transport Forum. 2004. A natural partnership: doing national Parkss a touristry precedence. Australia, Sydney Wall, G. 1999. Towards a touristry typology, Tourism and sustainable development: Monitoring: A civic attack. Monitoring, planning, managing, determination devising Waterloo, Canada: Heritage Resources Centre, University of Waterloo. 2: 63-80.

Event at Herrington country park ( Sunderland , uk ) Essay

Event at Herrington country park ( Sunderland , uk ) - Essay Example In addition, the park provides a good space for children entertainment as well as an ample space for open air concerts for most parts of the North East of Sunderland (Hoyle, 2002). Based on the possibility of the Herrington Country Park to host a myriad of events, this paper is going to propose and explore the possibilities of the park to host other new events. On this basis, the paper is going to present wedding events as a new type of events that should be hosted by Herrington Country Park. Weddings are the most cherished events by many people around the world. Wedding events always need to be conducted in pristine as well as serene environments (Jones, 2008). They always need to be conducted in places that have aesthetic values as well as beautiful environmental backgrounds. Wedding events always need places with cool atmospheres, spaciousness and lots of natural freshness. In this regard, it is always critical to conduct wedding events in such places where recreation activities are available. Herrington Country Park offers the best environment that meets all the above descriptions for a wedding event. However, it is critical to note that there are several issues that may present big challenges towards staging the wedding events in such an environment (Hoyle, 2002). One of the difficulties in staging such events is inadequacy of finances. This may limit a number of operations in the planning and management of the event. In addition, site zoning problems may also affec t the successful staging of the wedding events in the park. This may be a problem if an experienced and well trained personnel in event management was neither consulted nor hired. This may present staging challenges. However, it is critical to note that Herrington Country Park is an ideal place to hold wedding events. For the success of the park to hold wedding evens, there are several ways that people can be informed. The wedding events in the Herrington

Planning and Organising International Business Enterprise in Russia Essay

Planning and Organising International Business Enterprise in Russia - Essay Example Longwell also estimated that to meet the expected demand almost 80 million oil-equivalent barrels might need to be added per day and this need to be done by 2010 (Longwell, n.d.) Demand of natural gas is increasing rapidly because world is looking for more environment friendly, efficient and clean energy source. So it is quite clear that there are huge business opportunities worldwide for the oil and gas exploring companies. There are many companies dealing with oil drilling technology, but most of these companies are from USA. It is a fact that Russia is one of the leading exporters of natural gas and oil. As far as oil reserves are concerned Russia is eighth in the world but the country is holding first position in terms of natural gas reserves. Saudi Arabia, largest oil exporter in the world, is the major competitor of Russia as far as oil exporting is concerned. In the field of natural gas Canada, United States and Norway are the major competitors of Russia as they also produce and export large amount of natural gas. So it can be assessed that the upcoming firm would face international competition to great extent. Even few years back, the technical aspects of oil drilling like horizontal drilling and hydrofracs were primarily provided by western nations but today many of the Russian companies also provide the services. The geographical environment is primarily favourable to the prospective oilfields in Russia as the country has vast resources of nature like oil, coal and natural gas. Most of the oil reserves in Russia are located in the Siberian region. But various factors like climate, distance and terrain act as obstacles in the process of exploration and production of oil and natural gas in the region. As far as economic conditions are concerned in 2008 Russia’s GDP growth rate was 5.6%. Since 1998 Russia had been able to retain its average growth rate at 7%. Major portion of its GDP comes from export of oil and natural gas. Country has almost

Heat of Combustion Lab Essay Example for Free

Heat of Combustion Lab Essay There are many fuels in the world and we use fuel everyday in our life. However some fuels are very useful and some are not. Usually useful fuel means the fuel that is very efficient in a small amount. To know the efficiency of each material, we measured the changes of mass and temperature when we burn them. And we calculated changing energy by using the equation that we learned in the class by using our measurements. And we calculated the heat of combustion to know the efficiency of the material. We also used the data booklet value for the standard enthalpy of combustion of each material to get the errors in our experiment. Errors in our experiment were usually over 20 percent which is quite large. Before we heated the water, we made the temperature of water below than 10à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C with ice to see the changes of temperature more efficiently. If we just heated it in normal temperature such as 20à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, we couldnt see the changes of temperature well, and it could take more time to heat it. We also measure the changes of mass of material to see how much we burned. We put some ice in the water to make the initial temperature of water as lower than 10à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. When the temperature decreased up to 10à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, we took out ice from the water. After we took out the ice and fill the cylinder up to 200ml of water, the temperature was higher than 10à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C because the temperature of the water changed very quickly. We measured the temperature of water and then we hang the tin can on the hanger, so the temperature might increased again during we set up all the experiment systems. So we should measure the temperature of water when we set up all the things. For example we should measure it after we turn the light on the candle wax and hang the tin can on the hanger. We measured the final temperature to see the changes of the temperature. We blew out the candle when the temperature reaches 35à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, and we measured the highest temperature reached as the final temperature. When the temperature reaches 35à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, we quickly blew out the candle. However we are not accurate as the machine so we might didnt blow out it when it reaches exactly 35à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. Also it was difficult to measure the highest temperature of it after we blow it out. Even though we kept watching it, the temperature changes so quickly, so our measurements are not correct 100%. In our experiment we didnt measure the mass of tin can. If we measure the mass of it, we could get more precise measurement compare to the standard enthalpy of combustion. Our errors are quite large, so I think one of reason is that we forgot the measure the mass of tin. So we should study and think more about the experiment before we do it. We could calculate how much heat we got by adding the changing energy of water and the changing energy of the tin can, if we measured the mass of can. At the end of the experiment, we measured the mass of candle to know how much of them were burned. During and after we blow out the candle, some of liquid were might evaporated. Such as ethanol and butanol are volatile liquid, and the fact that the lamp was hot indicates that some of it would have evaporated. So they are burned and evaporated more after we measure the temperature. Another fact that we should consider is that not only the water was being heated, but also the thermometer, stirring rod and the tin can were also being heated. We should consider that they were also heated, so we should measure how much heat were used to heat them. Also some other heat would have been lost round the sides of the tin can, and from the water to the atmosphere. Due to our room temperature are different from the temperature of water. The good thing that we did in our experiment is that we made some space when we set up the large metal can to surround the candle. As we make some space under the large can by putting some flat cylinder under the can, the candle burned more quickly and well. If we didnt make the space for it, air might stuck in there so it would take more time to reaches up to 35à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C.

International Economic Policy: Book Review Essay -- essays research pa

International Economic Policy: Book Review The book reviewed in this essay, International Economic Policy in the 1990s, was to focus on some of the most recent concerns about international trade. Its author, William R. cline, seems to have some good insights about the topic as it seems that he researched, taught and lectured about this field of study. The author tried to be as objective as possible and tried not to be biased by referring to the different opinions about most of the issues he handled. However, as it is really impossible to be totally unbiased, some biases were to exist due to their necessity to form an argument. Furthermore, other biases can be detected through his writings by remarking the aspects of international trade that he examined, versus those he gave very small or no weight at all. There are many issues related to international trade that one can study, however as it is usually the case, this book was to examine only some of them. The author, in some parts of his book, was to concentrate on the question of adjusting the US trade deficit against with Japan. He was to show the American point of view that argues that Japanese terms of trade are unfair (104). Also he was to refer to the North American Free Trade Agreement and reflect how it is beneficial for Mexico (as first developing country to join the US and Canada) which could not gain support from Europe to develop (as Europe was to concentrate on its own further development and unity at the moment), and to how the joining of Mexico was to benefit the US (and Canada) as it would open a large market for the US as well as cheap labor (106). A good point made by him was to show the prospects of incorporating more Latin American countries in NAFTA (as this book was published in 1994) while saying that the Latin American market "remains too small to compensate US exports for any broader loss of markets in Europe, Japan, and elsewhere "(112). This conclusion might have led him to have a closer look outside the US (and NAFTA) circle. In a chapter of his book, he was to look at the "economic future of Europe". He was to argue that an implication of the monetary union may be less need for European countries to hold large reserves of dollars, as there will be "reserves pooling". This may lead to an excess supply of dollars, and consequently a "downward ... ...at the gap between the rich and the poor increased. Also, poverty, huge increase in the third world's population, and the lack of water in the future may lead to problems to the world as a whole and so serious steps must be taken to contain a forthcoming disaster. Furthermore, the author should have taken a serious look at the South East Asian countries (the Asian Tigers) as it seems that they might become a real economic power (possibly with Japanese supervision) and this will have enormous consequences on global trade. China, with its huge power and huge potential economy and market, should have got his attention as it might be a major economic power in the near future. Overall, the author seemed to try to give various opinions, and rarely mark his analysis as the "right" one. However, his neglecting of some major aspects of international trades (as the economic powers, and the North/South relation mentioned above) did not necessarily harm the book. This was due to the good analysis he gave to the specific issues that he covered, and his attempt to be objective A review of: Cline, William R. International Economic Policy in the 1990s. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1994.

Introduction To Marketing Mr B

Club Cards The creation of the Tests club card was a advantageous idea, but the club card can provide incorrect information about the customer who handles the art and give Tests Mobile the wrong image Of the customer, in terms Of knowing what that customer likes and want when they're shopping at Tests Mobile. This can occur if the club card is handled by someone else who is not the owner(e. G. The owners son), resulting in the actual owner receiving offers and information about things they did not actually purchase.For example lets say the son of the owner of the card it is bought a video game then the actual owner may a lot receive emails/letters about that game or things that are in relation to that game. Tests believe that everything bought on the card is researched by its owner, which is not the case sometimes, resulting in invalid information being produced on the club card. Questionnaires Questionnaires can be helpful for a company when the questions are produced correctly and given to the right people.Questionnaire have a low response rate in general, therefore Tests Mobile shouldn't have a high expectancy rate of receiving questionnaires back when they send them out to their customers. When questionnaires are posted people tend to just chuck them in the bin because they can't be bothered filling them in a posting it jack to Tests Mobile, even though they got a Freeport envelope alongside the questionnaire. Due to the lack of response back with questionnaires you wouldn't be able to generalizes e. If Tests Mobile sent out 3000 questionnaires out and only received 300 back then they would be unable to generalizes. This would make it difficult for Tests Mobile to figure out what merchandise to sell. People may give out false answers on questionnaires because they may just tick any answer or they may be intimidated by the question etc. This would result in Tests Mobile stocking product people do to actually want. When Tests Mobile conduct questionnaires, th e questions asked are usually closed questions, this is so that it is easier to generalizes and analyses the customer answers.Tests Mobile may also choose to put in leading questions as it gives the person the impression that their opinion is valued. Interviews Having interviews conducted it valuable to Tests Mobile but what is said and what is asked can have limitations. Tests Mobile could invite some of their customers in for an interview and the interviewee could feel intimidated by he interviewer, this Is called the observer effect; resulting in the interviewee hesitating and giving the interviewer the answer they think they want to hear.In addition to this people may feel the need to lie so that they don't look inferior to the interviewer, and in fact sound more superior. People may be unwilling to tell the truth because they may feel vulnerable this may because they feel they're being judged on their ethnicity, age, appearance or gender. This likely to become apparent when per sonal questions are being asked during an interview. For example 21 year old may feel uncomfortable in talking to some who is 65, as they may feel they're inferior or superior to them.Depending on the type of person interviewed, they may tend to give short answers in order to get the interview over and done with, which could limit the amount of research being collected. Short answers would also make it harder to analyses because there would be enough information. On the other hand the interviewee may be garrulous and feel comfortable with the interviewer and begin to start a conversation which is off-topic; having an effect on the data collected.Having a talkative interviewee could mean that it will be harder to analyses information due to the amount of content they've given. If the interviewer answers the questions in the wrong way it could result in incorrect answers, meaning that time and money has been wasted on conducting an interview. Secondary Research Many limitations are in volved when using secondary research such as, the date the research was conducted, as it may be out of date when you want to use the research and many companies who provide that data will tend not to eddo market research as it's already been done.A limitation that may also occur is that you don't know the exact set of questions that were being asked, as the exact questions aren't displayed when you buy the secondary data nor are the exact answers. Only the concluding results and the amount of people involved in the market research are given to the buyer. The cost of secondary data can be extremely expensive depending on how recent the research is and the company who's selling it.

The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Nine

She was not the reincarnation of Katherine. Driving back to the boarding house in the faint lavender hush before dawn, Stefan thought about that. He'd said as much to her, and it was true, but he was only now realizing how long he'd been working toward that conclusion. He'd been aware of Elena's every breath and move for weeks, and he'd catalogued every difference. Her hair was a shade or two paler than Katherine's, and her eyebrows and lashes were darker. Katherine's had been almost silvery. And she was taller than Katherine by a good handspan. She moved with greater freedom, too; the girls of this age were more comfortable with their bodies. Even her eyes, those eyes that had transfixed him with the shock of recognition that first day, were not really the same. Katherine's eyes had usually been wide with childlike wonder, or else cast down as was proper for a young girl of the late fifteenth century. But Elena's eyes met you straight on, looked at you steadily and without flinching. And sometimes they narrowed with determination or challenge in a way Katherine's never had. In grace and beauty and sheer fascination, they were alike. But where Katherine had been a white kitten, Elena was a snow-white tigress. As he drove past the silhouettes of maple trees, Stefan cringed from the memory that sprang up suddenly. He would not think about that, he would not let himself†¦ but the images were already unreeling before him. It was as if the journal had fallen open and he could do no more than stare helplessly at the page while the story played itself out in his mind. White, Katherine had been wearing white that day. A new white gown of Venetian silk with slashed sleeves to show the fine linen chemise underneath. She had a necklace of gold and pearls about her neck and tiny pearl drop earrings in her ears. She had been so delighted with the new dress her father had commissioned especially for her. She had pirouetted in front of Stefan, lifting the full, floor-length skirt in one small hand to show the yellow brocaded underskirt beneath†¦ â€Å"You see, it is even embroidered with my initials. Papa had that done. Mein lieber Papa †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her voice trailed off, and she stopped twirling, one hand slowly settling to her side. â€Å"But what is wrong, Stefan? You are not smiling.† He could not even try. The sight of her there, white and gold like some ethereal vision, was a physical pain to him. If he lost her, he did not know how he could live. His fingers closed convulsively around the cool engraved metal. â€Å"Katherine, how can I smile, how can I be happy when†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"When?† â€Å"When I see how you look at Damon.† There, it was said. He continued, painfully. â€Å"Before he came home, you and I were together every day. My father and yours were pleased, and spoke of marriage plans. But now the days grow shorter, summer is almost gone-and you spend as much time with Damon as you do with me. The only reason Father allows him to stay here is that you asked it. Butwhy did you ask it, Katherine? I thought you cared for me.† Her blue eyes were dismayed. â€Å"I do care for you, Stefan. Oh, you know I do!† â€Å"Then why intercede for Damon with my father? If not for you, he'd have thrown Damon out into the street†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Which I'm sure would have pleasedyou , little brother.† The voice at the door was smooth and arrogant, but when Stefan turned he saw that Damon's eyes were smoldering. â€Å"Oh, no, that isn't true,† said Katherine. â€Å"Stefan would never wish to see you hurt.† Damon's lip quirked, and he threw Stefan a wry glance as he moved to Katherine's side. â€Å"Perhaps not,† he said to her, his voice softening slightly. â€Å"But my brother is right about one thing at least. The days grow shorter, and soon your father will be leaving Florence. And he will take you with him-unless you have a reason to stay.† Unless you have a husband to stay with . The words were unspoken, but they all heard them. The baron was too fond of his daughter to force her to marry against her will. In the end it would have to be Katherine's decision. Katherine's choice. Now that the subject was broached, Stefan could not keep silent. â€Å"Katherine knows she must leave her father sometime soon-† he began, flaunting his secret knowledge, but his brother interrupted. â€Å"Ah, yes, before the old man grows suspicious,† Damon said casually. â€Å"Even the most doting of fathers must start to wonder when his daughter comes forth only at night.† Anger and hurt swept through Stefan. It was true, then; Damon knew. Katherine had shared her secret with his brother. â€Å"Why did you tell him, Katherine? Why? What can you see in him: a man who cares for nothing but his own pleasure? How can he make you happy when he thinks only of himself?† â€Å"And how can this boy make you happy when he knows nothing of the world?† Damon interposed, his voice razor-sharp with contempt. â€Å"How will he protect you when he has never faced reality? He has spent his life among books and paintings; let him stay there.† Katherine was shaking her head in distress, her jewel-blue eyes misted with tears. â€Å"Neither of you understand,† she said. â€Å"You are thinking that I can marry and settle here like any other lady of Florence. But I cannot be like other ladies. How could I keep a household of servants who will watch my every move? How could I live in one place where the people will see that the years do not touch me? There will never be a normal life for me.† She drew a deep breath and looked at them each in turn. â€Å"Who chooses to be my husband must give up the life of sunlight,† she whispered. â€Å"He must choose to live under the moon and in the hours of darkness.† â€Å"Then you must choose someone who is not afraid of shadows,† Damon said, and Stefan was surprised by the intensity of his voice. He had never heard Damon speak so earnestly or with so little affectation. â€Å"Katherine, look at my brother: will he be able to renounce the sunlight? He is too attached to ordinary things: his friends, his family, his duty to Florence. The darkness would destroy him.† â€Å"Liar!† cried Stefan. He was seething now. â€Å"I am as strong as you are,brother , and I fear nothing in the shadows or the sunlight either. And I love Katherine more than friends or family-† â€Å"-or your duty? Do you love her enough to give that up as well?† â€Å"Yes,† Stefan said defiantly. â€Å"Enough to give up everything.† Damon gave one of his sudden, disturbing smiles. Then he turned back to Katherine. â€Å"It would seem,† he said, â€Å"that the choice is yours alone. You have two suitors for your hand; will you take one of us or neither?† Katherine slowly bowed her golden head. Then she lifted wet blue eyes to both of them. â€Å"Give me until Sunday to think. And in the meantime, do not press me with questions.† Stefan nodded reluctantly. Damon said, â€Å"And on Sunday?† â€Å"Sunday evening at twilight I will make my choice.† Twilight†¦ the violet deep darkness of twilight†¦ The velvet hues faded around Stefan, and he came to himself. It was not dusk, but dawn, that stained the sky around him. Lost in his thoughts, he had driven up to the edge of the woods. To the northwest he could see Wickery Bridge and the graveyard. New memory set his pulse pounding. He had told Damon he was willing to give up everything for Katherine. And that was just what he had done. He had renounced all claim to the sunlight, and had become a creature of darkness for her. A hunter doomed to be forever hunted himself, a thief who had to steal life to fill his own veins. And perhaps a murderer. No, they had said the girl Vickie would not die. But his next victim might. The worst thing about this last attack was that he remembered nothing of it. He remembered the weakness, the overpowering need, and he remembered staggering through the church door, but nothing after. He'd come to his senses outside with Elena's scream echoing in his ears-and he had raced to her without stopping to think about what might have happened. Elena†¦ For a moment he felt a rush of pure joy and awe, forgetting everything else. Elena, warm as sunlight, soft as morning, but with a core of steel that could not be broken. She was like fire burning in ice, like the keen edge of a silver dagger. But did he have the right to love her? His very feeling for her put her in danger. What if the next time the need took him Elena was the nearest living human, the nearest vessel filled with warm, renewing blood? I will die before touching her, he thought, making a vow of it. Before I broach her veins, I will die of thirst. And I swear she will never know ray secret. She will never have to give up the sunlight because of me. Behind him, the sky was lightening. But before he left, he sent out one probing thought, with all the force of his pain behind it, seeking for some other Power that might be near. Searching for some other solution to what had happened in the church. But there was nothing, no hint of an answer. The graveyard mocked him with silence. Elena woke with the sun shining in her window. She felt, at once, as if she'd just recovered from a long bout of the flu, and as if it were Christmas morning. Her thoughts jumbled together as she sat up. Oh. She hurt all over. But she and Stefan-that made everything right. That drunken slob Tyler†¦ But Tyler didn't matter anymore. Nothing mattered except that Stefan loved her. She went downstairs in her nightgown, realizing from the light slanting in the windows that she must have slept in very late. Aunt Judith and Margaret were in the living room. â€Å"Good morning, Aunt Judith.† She gave her surprised aunt a long, hard hug. â€Å"And good morning, pumpkin.† She swept Margaret off her feet and waltzed around the room with her. â€Å"And-oh! Good morning, Robert.† A little embarrassed at her exuberance and her state of undress, she put Margaret down and hurried into the kitchen. Aunt Judith came in. Though there were dark circles under her eyes, she was smiling. â€Å"You seem in good spirits this morning.† â€Å"Oh, I am.† Elena gave her another hug, to apologize for the dark circles. â€Å"You know we have to go back to the sheriff's to talk to them about Tyler.† â€Å"Yes.† Elena got juice out of the refrigerator and poured herself a glass. â€Å"But can I go over to Vickie Bennett's house first? I know she must be upset, especially since it sounds like not everybody believes her.† â€Å"Do you believe her, Elena?† â€Å"Yes,† she said slowly, â€Å"I do believe her. And, Aunt Judith,† she added, coming to a decision, â€Å"something happened to me in the church, too. I thought-† â€Å"Elena! Bonnie and Meredith are here to see you.† Robert's voice sounded from the hallway. The mood of confidence was broken. â€Å"Oh†¦ send them in,† Elena called, and took a sip of orange juice. â€Å"I'll tell you about it later,† she promised Aunt Judith, as footsteps approached the kitchen. Bonnie and Meredith stopped in the doorway, standing with unaccustomed formality. Elena herself felt awkward, and waited until her aunt left the room again to speak. Then she cleared her throat, her eyes fixed on a worn tile in the linoleum. She sneaked a quick glance up and saw that both Bonnie and Meredith were staring at that same tile. She burst into laughter, and at the sound they both looked up. â€Å"I'm too happy to even be defensive,† Elena said, holding out her arms to them. â€Å"And I know I ought to be sorry about what I said, and Iam sorry, but I just can't be all pathetic about it. I was terrible and I deserve to be executed, and now can we just pretend it never happened?† â€Å"Youought to be sorry, running off on us like that,† Bonnie scolded as the three of them joined in a tangled embrace. â€Å"And with Tyler Smallwood, of all people,† said Meredith. â€Å"Well, I learned my lesson on that score,† Elena said, and for a moment her mood darkened. Then Bonnie trilled laughter. â€Å"And you scored the big one yourself-Stefan Salvatore! Talk about dramatic entrances. When you came in the door with him, I thought I was hallucinating. How did youdo it?† â€Å"I didn't. He just showed up, like the cavalry in one of those old movies.† â€Å"Defending your honor,† said Bonnie. â€Å"What could be more thrilling?† â€Å"I can think of one or two things,† said Meredith. â€Å"But then, maybe Elena's got those covered, too.† â€Å"I'll tell you all about it,† Elena said, releasing them and stepping back. â€Å"But first will you come over to Vickie's house with me? I want to talk to her.† â€Å"You can talk tous while you're dressing, and while we're walking, and while you're brushing your teeth for that matter,† said Bonnie firmly. â€Å"And if you leave out one tiny detail, you're going to be facing the Spanish Inquisition.† â€Å"You see,† said Meredith archly, â€Å"all Mr. Tanner's work has paid off. Bonnie now knows the Spanish Inquisition is not a rock group.† Elena was laughing with sheer ebullience as they went up the stairs. Mrs. Bennett looked pale and tired, but invited them in. â€Å"Vickie's been resting; the doctor said to keep her in bed,† she explained, with a smile that trembled slightly. Elena, Bonnie, and Meredith crowded into the narrow hallway. Mrs. Bennett tapped lightly at Vickie's door. â€Å"Vickie, sweetheart, some girls from school to see you. Don't keep her long,† she added to Elena, opening the door. â€Å"We won't,† Elena promised. She stepped into a pretty blue-and-white bedroom, the others right behind her. Vickie was lying in bed propped up on pillows, with a powder-blue comforter drawn up to her chin. Her face was paper-white against it, and her heavy-lidded eyes stared straight ahead. â€Å"That's how she looked last night,† Bonnie whispered. Elena moved to the side of the bed. â€Å"Vickie,† she said softly. Vickie went on staring, but Elena thought her breathing changed slightly. â€Å"Vickie, can you hear me? It's Elena Gilbert.† She glanced uncertainly at Bonnie and Meredith. â€Å"Looks like they gave her tranquilizers,† said Meredith. But Mrs. Bennett hadn't said they'd given her any drugs. Frowning, Elena turned back to the unresponsive girl. â€Å"Vickie, it's me, Elena. I just wanted to talk to you about last night. I want you to know that I believe you about what happened.† Elena ignored the sharp glance Meredith gave her and continued. â€Å"And I wanted to ask you-† â€Å"No!† It was a shriek, raw and piercing, torn from Vickie's throat. The body that had been as still as a wax figure exploded into violent action. Vickie's light-brown hair whipped across her cheeks as she tossed her head back and forth and her hands flailed at the empty air. â€Å"No! No!† she screamed. â€Å"Do something!† Bonnie gasped. â€Å"Mrs. Bennett! Mrs. Bennett!† Elena and Meredith were trying to hold Vickie on the bed, and she was fighting them. The shrieking went on and on. Then suddenly Vickie's mother was beside them, helping to hold her, pushing the others away. â€Å"What did you do to her?† she cried. Vickie clutched at her mother, calming down, but then the heavy-lidded eyes glimpsed Elena over Mrs. Bennett's shoulder. â€Å"You're part of it! You're evil!† she screamed hysterically at Elena. â€Å"Keep away from me!† Elena was dumbfounded. â€Å"Vickie! I only came to ask-† â€Å"I think you'd better leave now. Leave us alone,† said Mrs. Bennett, clasping her daughter protectively. â€Å"Can't you see what you're doing to her?† In stunned silence, Elena left the room. Bonnie and Meredith followed. â€Å"It must be drugs,† said Bonnie once they were out of the house. â€Å"She just went completely nonlinear.† â€Å"Did you notice her hands?† Meredith said to Elena. â€Å"When we were trying to restrain her, I got hold of one of her hands. And it was cold as ice.† Elena shook her head in bewilderment. None of it made sense, but she wouldn't let it spoil her day. She wouldn't. Desperately, she searched her mind for something that would offset the experience, that would allow her to hold on to her happiness. â€Å"I know,† she said. â€Å"The boarding house.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"I told Stefan to call me today, but why don't we walk over to the boarding house instead? It's not far from here.† â€Å"Only a twenty-minute walk,† said Bonnie. She brightened. â€Å"At least we can finally see that room of his.† â€Å"Actually,† said Elena, â€Å"I was thinking you two could wait downstairs. Well, I'll only get to see him for a few minutes,† she added, defensively, as they looked at her. It was odd, perhaps, but she didn't want to share Stefan with her friends just yet. He was so new to her that he felt almost like a secret. Their knock on the shining oak door was answered by Mrs. Flowers. She was a wrinkled little gnome of a woman with surprisingly bright black eyes. â€Å"You must be Elena,† she said. â€Å"I saw you and Stefan go out last night, and he told me your name when he came back.† â€Å"You saw us?† said Elena, startled. â€Å"I didn't see you.† â€Å"No, no you didn't,† said Mrs. Flowers, and chuckled. â€Å"What a pretty girl you are, my dear,† she added. â€Å"A very pretty girl.† She patted Elena's cheek. â€Å"Uh, thank you,† said Elena uneasily. She didn't like the way those birdlike eyes were fixed on her. She looked past Mrs. Flowers to the stairs. â€Å"Is Stefan home?† â€Å"He must be, unless he's flown off the roof!† said Mrs. Flowers, and chuckled again. Elena laughed politely. â€Å"We'll stay down here with Mrs. Flowers,† said Meredith to Elena, while Bonnie rolled her eyes in martyrdom. Hiding a grin, Elena nodded and mounted the stairs. Such a strange old house, she thought again as she located the second stairway in the bedroom. The voices below were very faint from here, and as she went up the steps they faded entirely. She was wrapped in silence, and as she reached the dimly lit door at the top, she had the feeling she had entered some other world. Her knocking sounded very timid. â€Å"Stefan?† She could hear nothing from inside, but suddenly the door swung open.Everyone must look pale and tired today , thought Elena, and then she was in his arms. Those arms tightened about her convulsively. â€Å"Elena. Oh, Elena†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then he drew back. It was just the way it had been last night; Elena could feel the chasm opening between them. She saw the cold, correct look gather in his eyes. â€Å"No,† she said, hardly aware that she spoke aloud. â€Å"I won't let you.† And she pulled his mouth down to hers. For a moment there was no response, and then he shuddered, and the kiss became searing. His fingers tangled in her hair, and the universe shrank around Elena. Nothing else existed but Stefan, and the feel of his arms around her, and the fire of his lips on hers. A few minutes or a few centuries later they separated, both shaking. But their gaze remained connected, and Elena saw that Stefan's eyes were too dilated for even this dim light; there was only a thin band of green around the dark pupils. He looked dazed, and his mouth-that mouth!-was swollen. â€Å"I think,† he said, and she could hear the control in his voice, â€Å"that we had better be careful when we do that.† Elena nodded, dazed herself. Not in public, she was thinking. And not when Bonnie and Meredith were waiting downstairs. And not when they were absolutely alone, unless†¦ â€Å"But you can just hold me,† she said. How odd, that after that passion she could feel so safe, so peaceful, in his arms. â€Å"I love you,† she whispered into the rough wool of his sweater. She felt a quiver go through him. â€Å"Elena,† he said again, and it was a sound almost of despair. She raised her head. â€Å"What's wrong with that? What could possibly be wrong with that, Stefan? Don't you love me?† â€Å"I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He looked at her, helplessly-and they heard Mrs. Flowers's voice calling faintly from the bottom of the stairs. â€Å"Boy! Boy! Stefan!† It sounded as if she were pounding on the banister with her shoe. Stefan sighed. â€Å"I'd better go see what she wants.† He slipped away from her, his face unreadable. Left alone, Elena folded her arms across her chest and shivered. It was so cold here. He ought to have a fire, she thought, eyes moving idly around the room to rest finally on the mahogany dresser she'd examined last night. The coffer. She glanced at the closed door. If he came back in and caught her†¦ She really shouldn't-but she was already moving toward the dresser. Think of Bluebeard's wife, she told herself. Curiosity killedher . But her fingers were on the iron lid. Her heart beating rapidly, she eased the lid open. In the dim light, the coffer appeared at first to be empty, and Elena gave a nervous laugh. What had she expected? Love letters from Caroline? A bloody dagger? Then she saw the thin strip of silk, folded over and over on itself neatly in one corner. She drew it out and ran it between her fingers. It was the apricot ribbon she'd lost the second day of school. Oh, Stefan. Tears stung her eyes, and in her chest love welled up helplessly, overflowing. That long ago? You cared about me that long ago? Oh, Stefan, I love you†¦ And it doesn't matter if you can't say it to me, she thought. There was a sound outside the door, and she folded the ribbon quickly and replaced it in the coffer. Then she turned toward the door, blinking tears from her eyes. It doesn't matter if you can't say it right now. I'll say it for both of us. And someday you'll learn.

Why it is important to teach Shakespeare in schools

Why it is important to teach Shakespeare in schools Introduction William Shakespeare was an English poet. His exact birth date is unknown but estimated to be 23 April 1564 and he died on 23 April 1616. He is one of the greatest writers of English and the world’s preeminent dramatist. He is also known as â€Å"the Bard of Avon or just â€Å"the Bard†. He wrote most his works well known between 1590 and 1613.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why it is important to teach Shakespeare in schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He wrote plays, sonnets, poems and narrative poems. His plays are available in many languages and they have been staged several times. His reputation as a writer rose in the nineteenth century. During the twentieth century, scholarship movements adopted his works. Today his works are still very popular and are studied in schools. Importance of studying Shakespeare Studying Shakespeare is important because his works are rich and they ca n enrich a reader’s life in many ways. For instance, his works are very rich in the English language and are a good source of learning the language. Shakespeare contributed many words to the English vocabulary and they are still in use (Forrester 17). The works makes one sensitive to the English language. Moreover, his works are a challenge because they are not very easy but once a person is able to study them and understand there is a feeling of accomplishment. The language is powerful and through it, one experiences the power of drama. Shakespearean works address various ethical dilemmas. The ethical dilemmas help us in becoming morally sensible as they show the consequences of making bad judgments in life. For example in the play The Hamlet, Shakespeare addresses the issue of greed for power. He shows how it causes instability in a country â€Å"or thinking by our late dear brother’s death/our state to be disjoint and out of frame† (Shakespeare (a) 1.2.19-20) . Claudius kills King Hamlet, rises to power, and possesses the former queen Gertrude. Consequently, Hamlet seeks revenge for his father’s death and sadly losses his life. In addition, the play addresses revenge and shows that sometimes the obsession with revenge can lead to one’s downfall. Through his plays, Shakespeare provided sources for debating human conduct. The plays offer good examples of how human beings should treat matters such as power inheritance and shows that there is no shortcut to power as those who come to power illegally do not succeed such as in Macbeth. Their evil deeds are punished as Macbeth noted â€Å"bloody actions return/To plague th’ Inventor† (Shakespeare (b) 1.7. 9-10).Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The messages in his works are relevant even today. He talks of things such as power and shows how corrupting power can be especially to greedy people. He shows how people in power find it difficult to balance their private and public lives and shows how the people in power manipulate the masses for selfish interests. The plays are very good in studying murders and conspiracy. His works explore other issues such as gender, sexuality, love and war among others. These issues show the kind of relationships people have in the society (Forrester 18). In addition, his plays contain wit and humor and are very entertaining besides being educative. Therefore, Shakespeare’s works help college and school students to have a deeper literary appreciation (Lund 1; Forrester 18). His works opens up our imaginations and radical thinking. He addresses issues such as the relationship between rulers and their subjects. He gives us an opportunity to enter the minds of the characters in his plays and thus enlarges our experience. For instance, in Macbeth he lets us see how Macbeth’s conscience dis turbs him for killing King Duncan yet he ignores it and continues to commit murders to protect his throne. The plays carry a universal message and are easy to relate with as they address human issues that one can identity. The universality of the messages in the play and there relevance make the plays important. It means that one can interpret the meaning of the plays according to their context and Terence Hawkers puts it this way â€Å"Shakespeare does not mean; we mean by Shakespeare† (Why study Shakespeare 5). The culture of the English is well documented by the Shakespeare dramas. Through the plays, one is able to know how the society was together with its attitude towards its members. For instance, the play Taming the Shrew shows that men were considered inferior to men during the Elizabethan age but it also shows that the women were powerful in their own way as proved by Kate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why it is important to teach Shakesp eare in schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another play like the Merchant of Venice shows the relationship between people from different religions such as the Christians and Jews. The plays also show that the people valued religion as Shakespeare uses biblical allusions in most of his plays to address issues (Lund 1). Shakespeare and modern day drama Shakespeare in his work addressed human issue so articulately with his genius use of words. The works are timeless and form the basis of modern drama. The modern dramas such as The Fences address human issues that affect people in the society such as issue of unwed pregnancies. The modern day dramas differ from the Shakespeare drama because they rely on visuals while the later relied on words to pass messages. Moreover, the heroes in Shakespeare dramas are aggressive unlike those in modern drama (Lukas and Baxandall 150-151). The dramas are not in the same category as Shakespeare who is cl early in a class of his own. Conclusion Shakespeare is relevant today and has stood the test of time. Readers can resonate with the universal message his works pass. The works are a good source for the English literature and thus one cannot claim to understand without understanding Shakespeare. He is the foundation of the English literature and thus it would be unwise to banish him and important for students’ studies. Forrester, Ann. Why teach Shakespeare? Or any other dead white male? Literary Canon, Shakespeare, (1995). A paper presented to the Community Colleges Humanities Association Washington DC Nov. 1995. Lukas, George and lee Baxandall.†The sociology of modern drama.† The Tulane Drama  Review, 9.4 (1965), 146-170. Lund, Norman J. Why study Shakespeare? 11 Jun. 2005. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shakespeare, William (a). The Tragedy Of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. n.d. Web. Shakespeare, William (b). The Tragedy of Macbeth. n.d. Web. Why study literature? n.d. Web.

How to Add Items to a TPopUp Delphi Menu

How to Add Items to a TPopUp Delphi Menu When working with Menus or PopUp menus in Delphi applications, in most scenarios, you create the menu items at design-time. Each menu item is represented by a TMenuItem Delphi class. When a user selects (clicks) an item, the OnClick event is fired for you (as a developer) to grab the event and respond to it. There may be situations when the items of the menu are not known at design time, but need to be added at run-time (dynamically instantiated). Add TMenuItem at Run-Time Suppose there is a TPopupMenu component named PopupMenu1 on a Delphi form, to add an item to the popup menu you could write a piece of code as: var   Ã‚   menuItem : TMenuItem; begin   Ã‚  menuItem : TMenuItem.Create(PopupMenu1) ;   Ã‚  menuItem.Caption : Item added at TimeToStr(now) ;   Ã‚  menuItem.OnClick : PopupItemClick;   Ã‚  //assign it a custom integer value..   Ã‚  menuItem.Tag : GetTickCount;   Ã‚  PopupMenu1.Items.Add(menuItem) ; end; Notes In the above code, one item is added to the PopupMenu1 component. Note that we assigned an integer value to the Tag property. The Tag property (every Delphi component has it) is designed to allow a developer to assign an arbitrary integer value stored as part of the component.The GetTickCount API function retrieves the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since Windows was started.For the OnClick event handler, we assigned PopupItemClick - the name of the function with the *correct* signature. procedure TMenuTestForm.PopupItemClick(Sender: TObject) ; var   Ã‚   menuItem : TMenuItem; begin   Ã‚   if NOT (Sender is TMenuItem) then   Ã‚   begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ShowMessage(Hm, if this was not called by Menu Click, who called this?!) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ShowMessage(Sender.ClassName) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   exit;   Ã‚   end;   Ã‚   menuItem : TMenuItem(sender) ;   Ã‚   ShowMessage(Format(Clicked on %s, TAG value: %d,[menuItem.Name, menuItem.Tag])) ; end; Important When a dynamically added item is clicked, the PopupItemClick will be executed. In order to differentiate between one or more run-time added items (all executing the code in PopupItemClick) we can use the Sender parameter: The PopupItemClick method first checks if the Sender is actually a TMenuItem object. If the method is executed as a result of a menu item OnClick event handler we simply show a dialog message with the Tag value being assigned when the menu item was added to the menu. Custom String-In TMenuItem In real-world applications, you might/would need more flexibility. Lets say that each item will represent a web page - a string value would be required to hold the URL of the web page. When the user selects this item you could open the default web browser and navigate to the URL assigned with the menu item. Heres a custom TMenuItemExtended class equipped with a custom string Value property: type    TMenuItemExtended class(TMenuItem)    private   Ã‚  Ã‚   fValue: string;    published   Ã‚  Ã‚   property Value : string read fValue write fValue;    end; Heres how to add this extended menu item to a PoupMenu1: var   Ã‚   menuItemEx : TMenuItemExtended; begin   Ã‚   menuItemEx : TMenuItemExtended.Create(PopupMenu1) ;   Ã‚   menuItemEx.Caption : Extended added at TimeToStr(now) ;   Ã‚   menuItemEx.OnClick : PopupItemClick;   Ã‚   //assign it a custom integer value..   Ã‚   menuItemEx.Tag : GetTickCount;   Ã‚   //this one can even hold a string value   Ã‚   menuItemEx.Value : http://delphi.about.com;   Ã‚   PopupMenu1.Items.Add(menuItemEx) ; end; Now, the PopupItemClick must be modified to properly process this menu item: procedure TMenuTestForm.PopupItemClick(Sender: TObject) ; var   Ã‚   menuItem : TMenuItem; begin   Ã‚   //...same as above   Ã‚   if sender is TMenuItemExtended then   Ã‚   begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ShowMessage(Format(Ohoho Extended item .. heres the string value : %s,[TMenuItemExtended(Sender).Value])) ;   Ã‚   end; end; Thats all. Its up to you to extend the TMenuItemExtended as per your needs. Creating custom Delphi components is where to look for help on creating your own classes/components. Note To actually open up the default Web Browser you can use the Value property as a parameter to a ShellExecuteEx API function.

Is Motivation Significant To Effective Workplace Management Essay

Is Motivation Significant To Effective Workplace Management - Essay Example An expectation is primarily concerned with promises to be fulfilled while a motive is an intention of acting in a certain way or doing something. Lastly, a drive is a push factor that pushes someone to act in a particular manner. All these factors play a pivotal role in motivating people hence effective managers must understand their employees and what motivates them. In order to understand what motivates an employee, the manager must find out what that employee’s needs are and what goals they have set for themselves. There are two distinct categories of theories of motivation and these are content and process theories. According to Finchman & Rhodes (25), content theories of motivation focus on what motivates an individual. They are typically concerned with determining the specific needs that motivate people. On the other hand, process theories attempt to describe and analyze how people are motivated, that is, how behavior is aroused, directed and sustained (Schultz, 54). Mas low’s hierarchy of needs is probably the most recognized theory of motivation. The hierarchy comprises of five levels of needs namely physiological, security, social, self-esteem and self-actualization needs (Schultz, 54). The seeds develop from the bottom to the top and in as far as organizational performance is concerned, there is the need for managers to identify the needs and goals of the employees in order to be better positioned to satisfy them. There are two assumptions underlying the needs theory.

Meaning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Meaning - Essay Example The basement and crawl space are major sources of heat loss. They can be sealed by mechanical key locks as a ventilation mechanism. The crawlspace walls can be insulated with rigid insulation. As for the base walls, a layer of insulation can be attached either on the inside or outside4. 16. ICF (Insulated Concrete Form) Foundations: a green and sustainable building system that delivers a foundation or wall that is highly energy efficient, structurally  tough, and resistant to fire fire and sound. 17. Sump pump and French-drain locations: sump pump is located in the basement and collects water that has accumulated in the water collection sump basin. The French drain is a trench with perforated pipes or filled with gravel that redirects ground and surface water away from a given area7. Doors are covered in Section R612 of the 2012 International Code Requirements. For example, during the times of fire the doors deter the spread of flames and smoke. The owner needs to be aware the hazards the glass doors could pose15. iv. COM Check – building program that allows simplifies compliance for building officials, plan checkers, and inspectors by allowing them to quickly determine whether new commercial or high-rise residential buildings, additions, and alterations meet the requirements of the IECC and ASHRAE Standard 90.1, as well as several state-specific codes. Buildipedia. Structural Steel Framing . http://buildipedia.com/knowledgebase/division-05-metals/05-10-00-structural-metal-framing/05-12-00-structural-steel-framing/05-12-00-structural-steel-framing>. Web July, 22, 2009. Accessed april 24,